Мирланг - Meerlang


Summary:

0. The language
1. Writing and talking in мирланг
2. Vocabulary
- a. Irregular verbs
- b. Irregular nouns of animals
- c. Other irregular words
3. Adjectives
- a. Comparative and superlative forms
- b. Counting
- c. Ordinal adjectives
4. Nouns
- a. Plural
- b. Articles
5. Interrogative sentences
6. Negative sentences
7. Pronouns
- a. Declinaison
- b. Possession
- c. Reflected pronoun
8. Conjugation
- a. Infinitive
- b. Present simple
- c. Continuous tenses
- d. The past
- e. The future
- f. Imperative
- g. Conditional
- h. Subjonctive
- i. Passive
9. Recapitulative grammatical table
 

The language

Мирланг (Meerlang in English, the name comes from Мирлангуаге) is an artificial language, like Esperanto, Ido, Volapük or Klingon are. It's based on English language, one of the most widely understood language in the world, so that every people can learn it in an easy way.

Because it's based on English, мирланг belongs to the western sub-branch of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Like English, мирланг has Latin root, coming mostly from French but some borrowed directly from Latin. Some common words are coming directly from Old Icelandic language.

The grammar is based on the English one, on Russian for some notions. As a constructed language, it tries to be very regular and with no exceptions.

Мирланг use a simplified version of the cyrillic alphabet. The pronunciation is quite similar to Russian language, so it sounds very different from English.

Writing and talking in мирланг


Мирланг use 26 characters of the cyrillic alphabet.


Cap.
 А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ
Min.
 а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ
English
 a b v g d e j
 z i y
 c,k,q l m n o p r s t u,w f,ph
 h (*)
 c ch sh th

(*) h is х only when it's not ch, ph, sh, th.
For the x sounf, you need to use the letters к and с.

We don't use the following characters of the cyrillic alphabet: і, ъ, ы, ь, ѣ, э, ю, я, ѳ, ѵ, ё.

However, you can use:
- я instead of иа
- ю instead of иу
- ё instead of ио
- і instead of н
But it's depreciated.

Here is a table to convert English (latin) letters into our cyrillic alphabet:

English
 a
 b
 c
 ch
 d
 e
 f
 g
 h
 i
 j
 k
 l
 m
 o
 p
 ph
 q
 r
 s
 sh
 t
 th
 u
 v
 w
 x
 y
 z
Мирланг а б к ч д е ф г х и ж к л м о п ф к р с ш т щ у в у кс й з
Pronounciation
 [a]
 [b]
 [k]
 [ʧʲ] [d]
 [ʲɛ] [f] [g]
 [x] [i] [ʒ] [k]
 [ʎ] [m]
 [o]
 [p]
 [f]
 [k]
 [r]
 [s]
 [ʃ] [t]
 [ʃʲʧʲ] (*)
 [u] [v]
 [u]
 [ks]
 [j] [z]

(*) щ is pronounced [ð] by some people, but it's depreciated.

The orthograph of мирланг words is the same of English (taking into account the latin-cyrillic conversion), except for some common words.

Vocabulary

Word order is comparatively free: adjectives may precede or follow nouns, and subject, verb and object can typically occur in any order.

Almost every words are coming from English, but there are some exeptions:
- The pronouns: иа, ти, еи, ми, ви, ие (mostly derivated from Russian).
- The numbers: нол, оне, туо, щре, фор, фйв, сик, сев, егт, нйн. (derivated from English).
- Some words are coming from other languages, suck as информатик (computer science, derivated from "informatique" in French).
- Some common words have Old Icelandic roots:

Irregular verbs:


Мирланг
 English
 Old Icelandic
ванта to want to
 vanta
вера to be
 vera
гала to sing
 gala
герва to do
 gøra, gørva
данса to dance
 dansa
елска to love
 elska
фара to go (to)
 fara
реища to ride
 reiða
сйнда to swim
 synda
хафа to have
 hafa

Irregular nouns of animals:

Мирланг English
 Old Icelandic
алка an auk
 álka
баула a cow
 baula
бйарн a bear
 bjarndýri
фискр a fish
 fiskr
фугл a bird
 fugl
кетта a she-cat
 ketta
саущ a sheep
 sauðfé
свин a pig
 svín
хреин a reindeer
 hreindýri
хросс an horse
 hross
хундр a dog
 hundr
улфр a wolf
 úlfr

Other irregular words:

Мирланг English
 Old Icelandic
борг a city, a town
 borg
ватн a lake
 vatn
елфр a river
 elfr
фйалл a mountain
 fjall
ланд a country land
легр a sea
 lögr
скогр a forest
 skógr
хеима a home, a house
 heima


Except хеима, those "other words"  can be used for a suffix: for a place, take the name of the place (*), and add the suffix (else if this suffix is already there).

(*)  In the local language of the place. For a river, it's in the language of the place where it rises. For a range of mountains, it's where the highest mountain is. For ocean and sea, we use english.

Examples:

- Lille (Лиллеборг) , Moscow = Москва (Москваборг), New York (Неуйоркборг), Strasbourg = Strossburi (Строссборг).
- Lake Constance = Bodensee (Боденватн), Lake Titicaca (Титикакаватн).
- Rhine River = Rhein (Рхеинелфр), The Danube = Donau (Донауелфр).
- The Alps (Алпесфйалл), The Mont-Blanc (Монтбланкфйалл).
- France (Франкеланд), Germany = Deutschland  (Деутсчланд), England (Енгланд), United States of America (Унитедстатесофамерицаланд or УСАланд ).
- Bretagne = Breizh (Бреижланд), Alsace = Elsass (Елсассланд), Texas (Тексасланд).
- Mediterranean sea (Медитерранеанлегр), Pacific Ocean (Пакификлегр).
- Sherwood forest (Шеруоодскогр).

On this words you can build adjectives (see below): Франкеландев, Елсассландев, Медитерранеанлегрев.

Adjectives

To be recognized in a sentence, all adjectives have the suffix -ев.
For example, блуеев (blue) литтлеев (little) ступидев (stupid).
We can express the contrary of an adjective, when it's possible, with the prefix не- :
нелиттлеев = бигев (not little = big).

Comparative and superlative forms

All adjectives have the suffix -вер at the comparative form and -вест at the superlative form.
Examples:

еасйвер - easier
гоодвер - better
импортантвер - more important

еасйвест - easiest
гоодвест - best
импортантвест - more important

Counting

The digits are quite similar to English:

0 - нол
1 - оне
2 - туо
3 - щре
4 - фор
5 - фйв
6 - сик
7 - сев
8 - егт
9 - нйн

To build numbers, you just have to paste the digits together: туооне, 21 (twenty one, 21).

Ordinal adjectives

We add the -щ suffix on the number: фйвсевщрещ, 573щ (the five hundred seventy third, 573th).

Nouns

There is no gender in мирланг.

Мирланг forms left-branching noun compunds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second, e.g. хундрхоусе (doghouse) суммертиме (summertime). Like English and unlike German, newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces.

On every verb you can build a noun:

фигхт, да фигхт - to fight, the fight
гала, да гала (or) да сонг - to sing, the song
уин, да уин (or) да уиннер  - to win, the winner

Plural

You must add the suffix -с.

A pig - свин
Pigs - свинс
The box - да бокс
The boxes - да боксс

Articles

There is no indefinite article in Notrelangue. "Ман" means "a man".
The definite article is "да". "Да ман" means "the man".

Interrogative sentences

You just need to add ? at the end of the sentence.
For example:
Иа ванта соме теа - I want some tea.
Ти ванта соме теа? - Do you want some tea?

Negative sentences

You just need to put не in the sentence.
Иа не ванта теа - I don't want tea.

Pronouns

There is 6 pronouns: иа (I),ти (you singular),еи (he, she, it),ми (we) ,ви (you plural, Sie),ие (they).
No pronoun need a capital letter.

Declinaison

Just add the suffix -е after the pronoun.

1st sg.
 2nd sg.
 3rd sg.
 1st pl.
 2nd pl.
 3nd pl.
иа - i
 ти - you
 еи - he,she,it
 ми - we
 ви - you
 ие - they
иае - me
 тие - you
 еие - him,her,it
 мие - us
 вие - you
 иее - them

I tell her. - Иа телл еие.
I don't want to talk to you. - Иа не ванта талк то тие.

Possession

Just add the suffix -р after the pronoun.

1st sg. 2nd sg. 3rd sg. 1st pl. 2nd pl. 3nd pl.
иар - my
 тир - your
 еир - his,her,its мир - our вир - your иер - them
иар - mine
 тир - yours
 еир - his,hers,its
 мир - ours
 вир - yours иер - their

It is my boat. - Еи вера иар боат.
The boat is mine. - Да боат вера иар.

Reflected pronoun

We add the suffix -селф.
I did this all by myself - Иа гервад щис алл бй иаселф.

Conjugation

The radical is the always the same, it is like the infinitive. The form of the verb is always the same with every pronoun for a tense.

There is no difference between he, she and it. If we want to insist on what is under the pronoun, we can explicit this:
ман герва (he does), уоман герва (she does)...

Infinitive

It's just the radical.

To do - герва.

Present simple

At the present, we can omit the verb "вера".
Иа сад - I am sad.

иа герва - I do
ти герва - you do
еи герва - he/she/it does
ми герва - we do
ви герва - you do
ие герва - they do

Continuous tenses

We add the и- prefix on the radical

иа игерва - I am doing
ти игерва - you are doing
еи игерва - he/she/it are doing
ми игерва - we are doing
ви игерва - you are doing
ие игерва - they are doing

The past

We add the -д suffix on the radical

ие гервад - they did
иа игервад - I was doing

The future

We add the -у suffix on the radical

ви гервау - you will do
еи игервау - he/she/it will be doing

Imperative

To express the imperative, use the present with ! :

герва щис! - do this!
ми плай! - let's play!

Conditional

You just need to add би before the verb you want to put the conditional, and иф to express the condition.
Иф иа вера рич, иа би буй феррари. -  If I were rich, I would buy a ferrari.

Subjonctive

Еи суггестд щат иа фара ще кинема. - Use the present. He suggested that I go to the cinema.

Passive

You just have to invert the subject and the object, and add бй before.
I make noise - Иа маке/герва ноисе
Noise is made by me - Ноисе маке/герва бй иае

Recapitulative grammatical table


Мирланг is using a lot of prefix and suffix and key words to express grammatical notions, all is in this table resumed:

pre- or -suff
 -в би бй -д -е -ер -ест -и не не- -р -с -селф -у -щ
Pre/Suff
 adj.
 cond. passiv. past.
 pron.
 adj. compar. adj. super. contin.
 neg.
 neg. adj.
 poss. pron.
 plur.
 refl. pron. fut.
 nb. ord.






sources for old icelandic words:


to be - être - sein - zijn - vera (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h482.php)
>to dance - danser - tanzen - dansa (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h085.php)
to do - faire - machen - gøra, gørva (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h177.php)
to go - aller - gehen/fahren - gaan - fara (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h125.php)
to have - avoir - haben - hebben -  hafa (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h179.php) - habban (http://www.northvegr.org/lore/oldenglish/h.php)
to love - aimer - lieben - elska (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h112.php)
to ride - monter (vélo, cheval) - reiten - reiða [= reitha] (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h333.php)
to sing - chanter - singen - gala (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h158.php)
to swim - nager - schwimmen - synda (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h424.php)
to want to - vouloir - wollen - vanta (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h471.php)

an auk - álka (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h034.php)
a bear - bjarn-dýri (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h055.php)
a bird - fugl (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h152.php)
a cat - (she-cat) ketta (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h239.php)
a cow - baula (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h044.php)
a dog - hundr (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h215.php)
a fish - fiskr (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h137.php)
an horse - hross (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h211.php)
a pig - svín (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h423.php)
a reindeer - hrein-dýri (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h209.php)
a sheep - sauð-fé [sauthfe] (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h351.php)
a wolf - úlfr (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h458.php)


ville - city,town - borg (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h063.php)
maison -  home - heima (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h191.php)
pays - country - land (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h258.php)
montagne - mountain - fjall (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h138.php)
lac - lake - vatn (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h473.php)
foret - forest - skógr (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h380.php)
mer - sea - lögr (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/h283.php)

written by Jiel Beaumadier, april 2005